ECOLOGICAL PLASTICITY OF CHERRY VARIETIES IN THE SOUTH URALS

Abstract

The aim of the research was to identify adaptive, ecologically plastic varieties suitable for cultivation in the conditions of the Chelyabinsk region. The studies used classical methods for determining the ecological plasticity of varieties as presented by V. A. Zykin. Adaptive varieties of steppe cherries were identified: Kurchatovskaya (KA = 1.51), Schedraya (1.48), Izobilnaya (1.45), Plamennaya (1.08), Ashinskaya (1.07), Vita (1.02) and Galimovka (1.00), as well as common cherry varieties: Gradskaya (1.17), Troitskaya (1.11) and Seyanets Lyubskoy (1.02). For industrial production, the varieties of the intensive type selected by the breeders of the Sverdlovsk horticultural breeding station are of the greatest interest: Schedraya (4.48 t/ha; bi = 1.85), Izobilnaya (4.41 t/ha; bi = 1.97), Vita (3.21 t/ha; bi = 1.90) and Mayak (3.01 t/ha; bi = 2.24). Plastic varieties of Chelyabinsk breeding have high ecological stability: Kurchatovskaya (4.45 t/ha; bi = 0.89; Si2 = 0.3), Gradskaya (3.49 t/ha; bi = 1.00; Si2 = 0, 1) and Galimovka (3.04 t/ha; bi = 1.24; Si2 = 0.1), as well as the Sverdlovsk variety Plamennaya (3.25 t/ha; bi = 1.12; Si2 = 1.1) . Neutral cherry varieties Ashinskaya (3.13 t/ha; bi = 0.36; Si2 = 0.1) and Troitskaya (3.23 t/ha; bi = 0.37; Si2 = 0.1) are distinguished by high yield stability, allocated in the South Urals.