FEATURES OF FORMATION OF BIOMASS OF BUCKWHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF AKMOLINA REGION

Abstract

The article presents the results of studies of the dynamics of development of the biological mass of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) during the growing season. One of the main specific features of the growth of buckwheat plants is the combination of the phases of vegetative and generative development in the process of ontogenesis. According to many researchers, parallelism in the development of vegetative and generative organs is the main reason for the lack of nutrition for developing ovaries and flowers, which ultimately affects productivity. The consequence of this may be the high sensitivity of plants to unfavorable environmental conditions and the reason for the low level and instability of buckwheat yields. The total vegetation period of buckwheat, from full emergence to the maturation of 75% of the fruits, was divided into two components by ten-day intervals. The first three decades (from emergence to flowering) constituted the vegetative period, while the following six decades (from the beginning of flowering to full maturation) formed the generative period. During the research, buckwheat samples (varieties, breeding material) were studied in terms of the duration and structure of interphase periods. The general patterns of formation of the buckwheat biological mass have been determined. The dynamics of leaf surface formation, shoot formation, branching zones and fruit formation were revealed. A connection has been established between the degree of biomass development and the overall level of plant productivity. Promising breeding material has been identified that combines forms with high foliage in branching zones and maximum grain productivity of plants.