SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF BOTANICAL COMPOSITION OF PASTURE PHYTOCENOSISOF THE STEPPE ZONE OF THE NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

The article presents the results of a study on the seasonal dynamics of the botanical composition and productivity of pasture phytocenoses in the steppe zone of North Kazakhstan Experimental Station LLP (Akkaiyn district of the North Kazakhstan region) and Novobratskoye LLP (Bulandy district of the Akmola region). The relevance of the study is driven by the uneven distribution of pasturelands across the regions of Kazakhstan. In some areas, pastures are underutilized with low livestock density, while in others, overgrazing occurs, negatively impacting pasture conditions. The lack of an effective pasture management system exacerbates this situation, reducing productivity and limiting the potential for the production of organic livestock products. The research was conducted during three seasonal periods: April-May, June-August, and September-October, from 2023 to 2024, on two key plots. The methodology involved geobotanical surveys using a frame (100x50 cm) to assess turf density, as well as the cut-sample method on plots (1x2.5 m) to determine pasture yield. The chemical composition of forage was analyzed using the NIRSDS2500 express analyzer, following standard zootechnical procedures and GOST regulations. The data obtained provide insights into the influence of seasonality on the botanical composition and productivity of pastures, which can be used to develop more efficient pasture management strategies and improve productivity in the steppe zone of the Northern Kazakhstan.