PREPARING FUTURE PSYCHOLOGISTS: INSIGHTS FROM EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS IN SLOVAKIA AND KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

The relevance of this study lies in the growing global need to enhance the quality and compatibility of psychology education across different countries, particularly in light of the Bologna Process and increasing international academic mobility. The purpose of this research is to conduct a comparative analysis of psychology training programs at the Akhmet Baitursynuly Kostanay Regional University (Kazakhstan) and University of Trnava (Slovakia). The main objectives are to examine the historical development of psychology education, analyze the structure and content of undergraduate programs, identify differences in admission procedures, assess graduate employment pathways, and explore opportunities for further education. The research uses a qualitative comparative methodology, including document analysis, review of official university curricula, and national education policy sources. The study highlights fundamental differences in program structure: Kazakhstan follows a four-year bachelor model with early entry into the workforce, while Slovakia implements a two-tier system with a mandatory master’s degree and subsequent supervised practice. The scientific significance lies in revealing how cultural, historical, and institutional contexts shape psychology education. Practically, the findings can inform curriculum reforms, international partnerships, and mutual recognition of qualifications. This research contributes to the field of comparative education and psychology by offering evidence-based recommendations for improving the training and professional readiness of psychology graduates in both countries.