THE EFFECT OF MINERAL AND ORGANIC BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES ON THE BIOMETRIC INDICATORS AND LEAF SURFACE AREA FORMATION OF APPLE TREES IN SOUTHEASTERN KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

In the conditions of southeastern Kazakhstan, characterized by an arid climate and the need for irrigation, the use of organic bioactive agents in horticulture represents a promising direction. The article presents the results of a study on the effects of the Agroflorin, Al Karal, and Biosok Energy Plus preparations on the biometric parameters of the Golden Delicious apple cultivar. The experiment assessed such biometric characteristics as shoot length, branch diameter, leaf surface area, and other morphological traits directly related to photosynthesis intensity and future yield. The results showed that the application of organic bioactive substances improves metabolic processes, stimulates the growth of vegetative organs, and positively influences leaf surface development. The most significant effects were observed with the use of Agroflorin and Biosok Energy Plus. Additionally, a comparative analysis confirmed that the treatment of trees with biopreparations contributes to more harmonious plant development, enhances their physiological activity, and improves adaptation to the stressful climatic conditions of the region. The identified patterns indicate that organic biostimulants can serve as an effective alternative to traditional agrochemicals, reducing environmental load. Overall, the study confirmed the promising potential of applying organic biostimulants in fruit growing and supports their introduction into the system of agrotechnical practices for the sustainable development of horticulture in the South-Eastern Kazakhstan.