MOLECULAR GENETIC ANALYSIS OF GENES OF GRAIN QUALITY OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT

Abstract

The paper presents information on the detection of gene combinations that affect the improvement of the quality of soft spring wheat grain of Kazakh breeding. Alleles of genes Glu-D1 x2-x5, Glu-D1 y10-y12, Glu-A1, Glu-B1-x7, Wx-A1, Wx-D1, Wx-B1 responsible for increasing or decreasing the quality of wheat grain have been identified. Allelic variants of Glu genes carry out genetic control of the component composition of glutenins, among them the Glu-1 locus, responsible for the biosynthesis of high molecular weight (HMW-GS) glutenins, is of particular importance. Wheat starch is mainly formed by two types of polysaccharides – amylose and amylopectin. Amylose synthesis is carried out in amyloplasts with the participation of the enzyme granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS, granule-bound starch synthase), also known as waxy protein. The Wx (waxy) gene family is responsible for the synthesis of this enzyme. The work was carried out with 37 samples of Kazakh wheat breeding, such as 347/11, 233/10, 342/08, 199/14-1, 249/14-2, 215/14, 242/15, 204/14-1, 274/13, , 241/14, 182/14, 216/12, 169/15, 224/14, 52/15, 285/16, 166/14, 194/14, 322/14, 210/14, 73/15, 132/15, 48/14, 143/09, 241/14-2, 83/05, 204/14-2, 307/14, 326/16-1, 86/15, 129/14, 326/16-1, 249/14-4, The standards were such varieties as: Asyl Sapa, Astana, Akmola 2, Tselinnaya Yubileynaya. (Scientific Research LLP- A.I.Baraev Grain Production Center). According to the results of the study, donor samples with the best combination of quality genes were identified, such as Asyl Sapa, Astana, 169/15, 73/15, 204/14-2, 86/15, 166/14, 347/11, 241/14, 132/15, 129/14, which can be recommended for further use in breeding programs when creating high-quality varieties of spring soft wheat.