ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. GRAIN TREATED WITH BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS

Abstract

The article presents the results of a study on the effect of various biological preparations on the yield and grain quality of Triticum aestivum L. (spring wheat). The research aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of plant growth biostimulants during pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar spraying at the tillering, stem elongation, and flowering stages. The experiments were carried out in 2019-2021 on the experimental fields of “Zarechnoe Agricultural Experimental Station” LLP under conditions of southern shallow chernozem soils. Biological preparations based on Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, a chlorophyll–vitamin–fungicidal complex with microelements, and arachidonic acid were tested. The results showed a positive effect of biostimulants on field germination, plant survival, root system development, and grain quality indicators. The best results were obtained with the preparation containing arachidonic acid (0.3 g/L), which increased field germination up to 99.8%, productive tillering by 1.9 times, and the number of grains per spike by 1.3 times compared to the control. The application of biological growth stimulants improved protein and gluten content, grain test weight, and technological quality parameters. Thus, biological preparations based on arachidonic acid demonstrated high efficiency and can be recommended for use in integrated and environmentally friendly wheat cultivation systems.