STUDYING THE GENE POOL OF OIL CROPS IN NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

The article presents the results of studying the diversity of oilseeds in the conditions of the Agricultural Experimental Station «Zarechnoye». The nursery of the gene pool of oilseeds is represented by: 200 varieties of soybeans 000, 00, and I maturity groups, in addition to spring rapeseed 56, oil flax 36 and sunflower 51 varieties. These varieties are represented by the selection of Russia, Kazakhstan, Canada, France, Ukraine, Poland, USA, Belarus, Sweden, Japan, China, Czech Republic, Czechoslovakia. And there are also varieties that are the result of the selection work of scientists "Agricultural Experimental Station «Zarechnoye»: four varieties of sunflower (Zarechny, Sary, Rauan, Kosnur), three varieties of oil flax (Altyn, Kustanaisky 11, Kazar), one variety of spring rapeseed Gulsary, soybeans are represented on the farm by four varieties (Ivushka, Severnoye siyaniye, Daneliya, Svetlyachok). Breeding work with soybeans is carried out jointly with scientists from the Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Crop Production.

To conduct breeding work and further crossing the best parental forms, it selects varieties according to the following economically valuable traits: yield, oil content, weight of 1000 seeds. In addition, due to the short frost-free period in the Kostanay region, varieties that are able to ripen under these conditions are valuable (rapeseed 90-100 days, oil flax 75-80 days, sunflower 85-95 days, soybeans 90-100 days).