INCREASING THE ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF IRRIGATION NORMS IN IRRIGATED CULTURE OF FORAGE CROPS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE STEPPE ZONE OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

The article presents the results of research on the selection and use of sprinkling machines in the cultivation of agrophytocenoses of fodder crops on irrigated lands of Northern Kazakhstan. Evaluation and selection of a sprinkling machine for Northern Kazakhstan were made on the basis of theoretical data from previous studies, taking into account the following factors – low water and energy intensity, less or safe volume of soil washout. The objects of the study were annual fodder crops for mowing, in field experiments classical methods were used, based on the principles of observing a single difference by setting up and laying field and laboratory experiments on soils typical for the region, selecting a sprinkling machine by analyzing theoretical indicators.The analysis showed that the pre-irrigation soil moisture is not taken into account when calculating the erosion-permissible irrigation rate, which causes the risk of runoff and soil erosion at high thresholds of pre-irrigation soil moisture (70% lowest moisture capacity and more), respectively, the use of the ValleyFP565 sprinkling machine, with the calculated Erosion-Permissible Irrigation Rate indicators, does not cause runoff water, respectively, soil erosion and an irrational increase in the irrigation rate. For the cultivation of mixed sowing of oats with mustard during irrigation with a growing season of 56 days, 4 irrigations were required with an irrigation rate of 1096 m³/ha. During irrigation, the total water consumption of oat crops with mustard was 1638 m3/ha, while the share of the irrigation norm in the total water consumption was 61.5%.