THE PROBLEM OF DIGITALIZATION IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS, GLOBAL POLICY, AND CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES

Abstract

Digitalization process, which is rapidly accelerating, is deeply penetrating in all spheres of social life. In this context, technological modernization represents one of the key priorities of contemporary society. The origins of this issue should be searched through the higher education system, where human capital serves as the determining factor in the formation of digital competencies. This determines the digitalization processes particular importance in the educational sphere. The article analyzes the theoretical foundations of the educational process digitalization and examines key contemporary approaches to this problem. The definitions related to the direction digitalization and interpretations of this concept in both domestic and foreign scientific circles are classified. The author considers digitalization as one of the main factors of adaptation and educational systems transformation in accordance with global standards, emphasizing that identifying effective directions of digital transformation plays a crucial role in improving the higher education system. Analyzing innovative models, the author explores the substantive, methodological, and social aspects of implementing digital technologies in the educational process. It is confirmed that the successful implementation of digitalization in education depends not only on technical infrastructure but also on scientifically grounded strategies, pedagogical approaches, systemic support of educational policy. In this context, digital programs implemented in Kazakhstan are examined, emphasizing the importance of adopting best international practices while taking national characteristics into account. Based on a comparative analysis of international and national experience, patterns, specific features, and key directions of the digitalization of the domestic education system are identified.